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1. Obedient Matchsticks: You can perform this magic trick for children: matches that obey your command in water. 1) Place a wooden piece and a matchstick on the water surface; 2) Drop a sugar cube into the water, and the matchstick and wooden piece will move towards it; 3) If you put soap into the water, the matchstick and wooden piece will scatter in all directions.
Scientific Principle: After sugar dissolves in water, the surface tension of the water increases, and the matchstick and wooden piece will move towards the area with greater surface tension; when soap dissolves in water, the surface tension decreases, and the matchstick and wooden piece move in the opposite direction.
2. Sugar-Loving Toothpicks: Place sugar and several toothpicks in water, and the toothpicks will swim towards the sugar, which is quite interesting, as if they are trying to grab the sugar. 1) Add water to a shallow flat dish, place a sugar cube in the center of the water; 2) Place six toothpicks on the water surface at a certain distance from the sugar cube; 3) After the sugar cube dissolves, the toothpicks will swim towards the direction of the sugar cube.
Scientific Principle: As the sugar slowly dissolves in water, it forms a sugar solution with a higher density than water, which sinks. The movement of the sugar solution causes water flow changes, forming a circulation under the toothpicks, which carries them towards the center where the sugar cube was, as if the toothpicks were attracted.
3. Moving Toothpicks: Place a toothpick in the bathtub water, and it floats on the water surface. If you apply a little shampoo on it, the toothpick will sail lightly. 1) Take a toothpick and apply shampoo to the tail end; 2) Gently place the toothpick on the water surface of the bathtub; 3) The toothpick will slowly move forward like a fish.
Scientific Principle: Both shampoo and soap contain “surfactant ingredients” that remove dirt, which weaken the surface tension of water. The pointed part of the toothpick moves because the tail end is coated with shampoo, reducing the surrounding water surface tension, and the toothpick is pulled along as a whole.
4. Camphor Boat on Water: Make an aluminum foil spoon with camphor inside, place it in water, and it will float like a boat. When you light the camphor, the boat will burn and move forward. 1) Make a spoon shape with aluminum foil; 2) Put camphor in the spoon and light it with fire; 3) Place the spoon in the bathtub; 4) The spoon will rotate in the water while burning.
Scientific Principle: Camphor can change the surface tension of water, and the camphor boat is pulled by the water’s surface tension, allowing it to move forward in the water. Because the camphor boat makes irregular forward movements, it is very interesting.
5. Clouds in a Beverage Bottle: Put a little cigarette ash in a beverage bottle and cover it with a cap, then pump air into the bottle, and white clouds will rise in the bottle. 1) Make a hole in the bottle cap that can fit a pump head, and be careful; 2) Moisten the inner wall of the bottle with water and add cigarette ash; 3) Insert the pump head, secure it with tape, and then pump air into the bottle; 4) When the pressure reaches a certain level, the air is expelled, and the pump head flies out. White clouds rise in the bottle.
Scientific Principle: Clouds are formed by water vapor condensing around dust particles. When air is pumped into the bottle, it is continuously pressurized, and when the pump head flies out, the pressure drops, the temperature decreases, and water vapor combines with cigarette ash to form clouds.
6. Paper Cup Boiling Water: Paper burns quickly when near the flame of a candle. However, a paper cup filled with water will not burn and can boil the water. 1) Fill a paper cup with half a cup of water; 2) The paper cup will not burn, and after a while, the water in the cup will start to boil.
Scientific Principle: Paper needs to reach several hundred degrees Celsius to burn, but the heat from the flame is all absorbed by the water in the paper cup, which does not reach the ignition point of the paper (the boiling point of water is 100°C). Therefore, the paper cup does not burn, but the water boils.
7. Dry Handkerchief: We place a handkerchief in water, but it does not get wet. Try doing it yourself. 1) First, put half a basin of water in a washbasin, then scrunch up the handkerchief and place it at the bottom of a cup; 2) Invert the cup into the basin; 3) After a while, take out the cup; 4) Look, the handkerchief is dry.
Scientific Principle: There is air in the cup besides the handkerchief, and when the cup is vertically inserted into the water, the air pressure inside the cup prevents water from entering, so the handkerchief does not get wet.
8. Bent Water: 1) Turn on the faucet and let the water flow thinly; 2) Rub a cotton swab vigorously; 3) Quickly bring it near the water stream, and the water stream will be attracted to the straw and become bent.
Scientific Principle: This is a small experiment using the principle of static electricity. The negatively charged straw, after being rubbed vigorously, attracts the positive charges in the water stream when brought near, causing the water stream to bend.
9. Float in the Middle of a Bottle: 1) Add table salt to water to make a weak saltwater solution; 2) Slowly pour fresh water along the edge of a glass, making sure the water and saltwater are separated into two layers; 3) Place an egg in the water, and it will not sink no matter what.
Scientific Principle: This uses the principle of different specific gravities of eggs, water, and saltwater. The specific gravity of an egg is greater than that of water but less than that of saltwater, so it remains stationary at the boundary between water and saltwater.
10. Instant Comic Book Merger: 1) Interleave two comic books every 3-5 pages, finally combining them into one, with about 1/3 of the pages overlapping; 2) Hold both ends of the books and stretch them outward, no matter how hard you pull, the books are tightly interlocked and cannot separate.
Scientific Principle: This uses the principle of friction. If the pages are curled or messily interlocked, they will not fit well together. The same principle can also be applied to handkerchiefs.
11. Unexplodable Balloon: 1) After blowing up a balloon, tie the mouth with a string; 2) Take a small piece of transparent tape and stick it on the balloon; 3) Pierce the balloon with a needle where the tape is; 4) The balloon does not burst with a loud noise but slowly deflates like a flat tire.
Scientific Principle: After the balloon is punctured, the escaping air creates a pressure, and if there is no tape, there will definitely be a loud explosion. The tape is relatively strong and can block the pressure caused by the air rushing out, so the balloon does not explode. This is the principle behind anti-explosion car tires.
12. Rolling Straw on the Wall: 1) Wrap a straw with paper and rub it up and down several times; 2) Bring the straw close to the wall; 3) The straw rolls down the wall.
Scientific Principle: This uses the principle of static electricity generated by rubbing the straw. When the charged straw is brought close to the wall, positive charges are generated on the wall, which attracts the straw, causing it to roll down the wall.
13. Pencil Point Piercing a Water-Filled Plastic Bag: 1) Inject water into a plastic bag and hold the bag mouth with your hand; 2) Swiftly stab a sharpened pencil into the bag; 3) The pencil hits the bag, and the water does not leak out at all, even if you stab three or four more pencils.
Scientific Principle: When the plastic bag is suddenly pierced by a pencil, a kind of frictional heat is generated, and the pierced part of the plastic shrinks tightly around the pencil, sealing it airtightly, so the water does not flow out.
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